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We skimmed through the source files in xnu-qemu-arm64 and found two files that specifically targeted the iOS kernel used by the iPhoneВ® 6s Plus: include/hw/arm/n66_iphone6plus.h and hw/arm/n66_iphone6splus.c. With access to this source, we managed to add support for MacOS on top of the iOS support already implemented. Thanks to the folks at Aleph Research for providing a modified version of QEMU that supports AppleвЂ™s XNU kernel. Since the kernelcache binary already contained all the necessary kexts, it was not necessary to create a kext collection. Skip ahead to the Modifying QEMU section, or continue below if you are extracting the files from the installer package: Note that the next few steps are only necessary if these files are extracted from the installer package referenced below, instead of from the link above. Therefore, weвЂ™ve provided a link to the kernelcache, ramdisk, and device tree files below:

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This script does not have a good track record when it comes to reading AppleвЂ™s software update catalogs.

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From there, it was simply a matter of extracting one nested archive after the other to find the kernel image.

The OSX-KVM project provides a script to download the Big Sur installer package. Does that mean we can expect to find both the x86-64 and ARM64 kernels in this release? In June 2020, Apple announced the first beta releases of MacOS 11 (Big Sur) along with universal binary support for both x86-64 and ARM64. You can see the full output on our GitHub page: The MacOS 11.1 ARM64e kernel bootstrap process is shown below:ДЄll of this is virtualized in a QEMU session, on a LinuxВ® host, running an IntelВ® Coreв„ў i5-7500 CPU 3.40GHz.

This is normally when the earliest kernel output appears and is the first visible output during an emulation session of the MacOSВ® ARM64e kernel. When emulating a kernel image, the first phase of the kernel boot stage is typically referred to as the 'bootstrap' phase. It was only a matter of time before XNU, AppleвЂ™s own Unix-derived kernel, joined the party. Even the Androidв„ў emulator is based on QEMU. QEMU, the versatile and dynamic emulator responsible for bringing this practice into practicality, is popular among developers and pen-testers for cross-platform emulation. Cross-platform virtualization like this is nothing new: ARM-based systems have been virtualizable on Intel-based host systems as early as 2009. iOSВ® kernel emulation on a MacOS host had already been attempted, accomplished, and published. This project was inspired by a series of recent developments in emulation software and Apple hardware as well as a race to be the first to coalesce them. The first Apple silicon processors are appearing in the market in conjunction with the growing extent of ARM64 support on the most popular operating systems.

IntroductionДemand for ARM-targeted testing environments is increasing. More importantly, this project was a successful experiment in cross-platform emulation that has the potential for future development.

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Pen-testers and researchers can use the virtualized environment of a stripped-down MacOS kernel for debugging and vulnerability discovery, and this illustrates the extent to which one can use emulation to manipulate and control the kernel to their desired ends, whether it be to find a critical bug or to patch an area of the kernel.

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Recent developments in AppleВ® hardware have made it even more difficult for security researchers to keep up, and the demand for ARM-targeted testing environments is increasing.Д«lackBerry recognizes the importance of supporting the cybersecurity community in the fight against cyberthreats, and is therefore following up its release of the PE Tree Tool in 2020 by sharing this methodology report to inform security researchers and pen-testers on how to successfully emulate a MacOS ARM64 kernel under QEMU. In a world where adversaries are becoming more sophisticated by the day, it is important that threat hunters can keep a competitive advantage and remain one step ahead of threat actors.

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